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China’s Green Development in the New Era

The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China

January 2023

Contents

Preface  1

I. Staying Firmly Committed to Green Development  3

II. A Basic Green Territorial Configuration Is in Place  7

III. Adjusting and Improving the Industrial Structure  20

IV. Extensive Application of Green Production Methods  25

V. Eco-Friendly Living Becomes the Prevailing Ethos  35

VI. Improving the Institutions and Mechanisms for

Green Development  38

VII. Building the Earth into a Beautiful Home  43

Conclusion  47

Preface

Green is the color of nature and the symbol of life. A sound eco-

environment is the basic foundation for a better life, and the common

aspiration of the people. Green development is development that follows

the laws of nature to promote harmonious coexistence between humanity

and nature, development that obtains the maximum social and economic

benefits at minimum cost in resources and environmental impact, and sus-

tainable and high-quality development that protects the eco-environment.

It has become the goal of all countries.

Respecting and protecting nature has made an important contribu-

tion to the survival and prosperity of the Chinese nation over thousands

of years. The concept of “harmony between humanity and nature” is a

distinct characteristic of Chinese civilization. To vigorously promote the

building of a socialist eco-civilization, China has established a fundamen-

tal national policy of conserving resources and protecting the environ-

ment, and a national strategy of sustainable development since the launch

of reform and opening up.

Since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, under the guidance of

Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New

Era, China has firmly upheld the belief that lucid waters and lush mountains

are invaluable assets. It has prioritized eco-environmental conservation

and green development, promoted the comprehensive green transforma-

tion of economic and social development, and achieved modernization

based on harmony between humanity and nature. Wonders have been ac-

complished in eco-environmental protection and green development, and

great strides have been made in building a beautiful China. Green is the

defining feature of China in the new era and green development features

the Chinese path to modernization. With more blue skies, green moun-

tains, and lucid waters, the Chinese people could enjoy more accessible

and sustainable green benefits. China’s green development has helped to

expand the greening areas of its own land and the earth, benefitting both

China and the world at large.

As the world’s largest developing country, China is committed to

the idea of a global community of shared future. It has offered unwaver-

ing support to multilateralism, proposed the Global Development Initia-

tive and the Global Security Initiative, expanded practical cooperation,

and actively participated in global environment and climate governance.

It has contributed Chinese wisdom and strength to implementing the UN

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, creating a community of life

for humanity and nature, and building a clean, beautiful and prosperous

world of sustainable development.

The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to present a

full picture of China’s ideas, actions, and achievements in green develop-

ment in the new era, and to share with the world its experience in this re-

gard.

I. Staying Firmly Committed to

Green Development

To meet the people’s desire for a better life, China has treated lucid

waters and lush mountains as invaluable assets and worked to maintain

harmony between humanity and nature in its development. China favors

high-quality economic growth, high-level environmental protection, and

a path of sound development based on higher economic output and living

standards, and healthy ecosystems.

1. Applying a people-centered development philosophy

The people-centered philosophy is a governing principle of the Com-

munist Party of China (CPC), and a sound eco-environment is the fairest

public product and the most inclusive public benefit. As China’s moderni-

zation advances and living standards improve, the popular demand for a

beautiful environment is growing. In the people’s happiness index, the

weight of environment has increased. To meet the growing demand for a

beautiful environment, China has strengthened eco-environmental conser-

vation and protection and vigorously promoted eco-friendly ways of work

and life. It has focused on solving the major environmental problems that

seriously endanger people’s health, improved the quality of the environ-

ment and ecosystems, and provided more quality eco-environmental

goods, so as to help people feel happier, more satisfied, and more secure

in a beautiful environment.

2. Focusing on sustainable development in China

Society will prosper when the environment improves, and lose vigor

as the environment degrades. Nature provides the basic conditions for

human survival and development. Respecting, accommodating, and

protecting nature is essential for sustainable development. Bearing in

mind that its environmental capacity is limited and its ecosystem is

fragile, China has not only pursued development for the present genera-

tion, but also mapped out plans for generations to come. It regards eco-

environmental conservation as fundamental to sustainable development in

China. It values both the environment and economic development, works

to translate eco-environmental strengths into development strengths, and

always looks to realize the economic and social value that lucid waters

and lush mountains have, which will bring about financial returns, eco-

environmental benefits, social benefits, and harmony between humanity

and nature.

3. Applying systems thinking and a coordinated approach

Green development is an all-round revolutionary change in our

values, and in how we work, live, and think. China has applied systems

thinking to the whole process of economic and social development and

eco-environmental conservation and protection. It has taken a sound ap-

proach to the relationships between development and protection, between

overall and local interests, and between the present and the future. It has

taken a scientific, moderate, and orderly approach to the use of territorial

space, and promoted a sound economic structure that facilitates green,

low-carbon, and circular development. It has fostered an institutional sys-

tem that combines both constraints and incentives to coordinate industrial

restructuring, pollution control, eco-environmental conservation, and

climate response. China has endeavored to cut carbon emissions, reduce

pollution, expand green development, and pursue economic growth. It has

prioritized eco-environmental protection, conserves resources and uses

them efficiently for green and low-carbon development. It has developed

spatial configurations, industrial structures, and ways of work and life

that help conserve resources and protect the environment, and promoted

greener economic and social development in all respects.

4. Working together for global sustainable development

Protecting the environment and countering climate change are the

common responsibilities of all countries. Only when all countries unite

and work together to promote green and sustainable development can we

maintain the overall balance in the earth’s ecology and protect humanity’s

one and only home. China has shouldered its responsibilities, actively

participated in global environmental governance, and pledged to reach