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Full Text: Severe Humanitarian Disasters Caused by US Aggres(6)

——战争带来一系列复杂的社会问题,包括难民潮、社会动荡、生态危机、心理创伤等。据统计,近年来美军介入的几场战争导致难民数量居高不下,如阿富汗有1100万人,巴基斯坦有38万人,伊拉克有325万人,叙利亚有1259万人。这些难民被迫远离家园,阿富汗难民中约130万人流落到巴基斯坦,约90万人流落到伊朗;伊拉克、叙利亚难民中约350万人流落到土耳其,约100万人流落到伊朗。在阿富汗、伊拉克和巴基斯坦,由于缺医少药、营养不良和环境污染导致的人员死伤远超因战争直接伤亡的人数。据估计,非战争直接原因致死者的数量是战争直接致死人数的4倍。伊拉克巴士拉每公斤土壤的铀含量从1991年前的低于70贝克勒尔,暴升至2009年的10000贝克勒尔,在战争物资遗留地区更是高达36205贝克勒尔。英国《卫报》网站2016年8月22日报道,伊拉克2010年有先天缺陷的婴儿出生率高达30%,而正常情况下这一数据仅为2%至4%。


 
 

Second, US foreign wars brought about a series of complex social problems, such as refugee waves, social unrest, ecological crises, psychological traumas, etc. Statistics show that each of the several recent US foreign wars created a larger number of refugees, such as the 11 million Afghan refugees, the 380,000 Pakistani refugees, the 3.25 million Iraqi refugees, and the 12.59 million Syrian refugees; these refugees have been forced to flee from their homes, of which 1.3 million Afghan refugees have fled to Pakistan, 900,000 Afghan refugees arrived in Iran, 3.5 million Iraqi and Syrian refugees fled to Turkey, and one million Iraqi and Syrian refugees fled to Iran. In Afghanistan, Iraq, and Pakistan, the deaths and injuries caused by the lack of medical treatment, malnutrition, and environmental pollution have exceeded the casualties directly caused by the wars, with the former number being four times greater than the latter. The uranium content per kilogram of soil in Basra, Iraq, rose sharply from less than 70 becquerels before 1991 to 10,000 becquerels in 2009, and the number was as high as 36,205 becquerels in the areas polluted by war remnants. The website of the British newspaper The Guardian reported on August 22, 2016, that 30 percent of the babies born in Iraq in 2010 were born with some form of congenital anomaly, while this figure is around two to four percent under normal circumstances.


 

——美国发动的战争还产生了外溢效应,给未涉事国家造成伤害。例如,在越南战争中,美军以阻断“胡志明小道”为名,将战火蔓延到临近的柬埔寨和老挝等国,导致50万名以上的无辜平民死伤,并遗留下大量未爆弹药。在阿富汗战争中,美军飞机和无人机在打击恐怖分子时,时常将炸弹投向邻近的巴基斯坦村寨伤及无辜,甚至迎新的婚车和巴基斯坦边防军士兵都未能幸免。在对南联盟的持续空袭中,美军还将中国大使馆作为轰炸目标,导致3名中国记者死亡,十几人受伤。


 
 

Third, US foreign wars have often produced spillover effects, causing harm to the countries that were not involved in the wars. For example, in the Vietnam War, the US military spread the fighting to neighboring countries such as Cambodia and Laos on the excuse of blocking the "Ho Chi Minh Trail" (a military supply route running from North Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia to South Vietnam), resulting in more than 500,000 unnecessary civilian casualties and leaving a large number of war remnants in those countries, which are still explosive. When attacking terrorists in the Afghanistan War, the US aircraft and drones often dropped bombs on neighboring Pakistani villages, and even on wedding cars and Pakistani border guard soldiers. In an airstrike on Yugoslavia, the US forces even targeted the Chinese embassy, leading to the deaths of three Chinese journalists and the injuries of a dozen embassy personnel.


 
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