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政府投入资金的监督管理，有法定的预算管理、审计、监督执法等固有途径，也少不了社会监督。尤其是舆论监督，具有全时段、无死角的特点，可以配合、协同审计、监督执法等监管手段，弥补其不足，协同作用，是强化监管必不可少的手段。

The supervision and management of government investment funds are subject to legal budget management, auditing, supervision and law enforcement, as well as social supervision. In particular, supervision by public opinion has the characteristics of all time and full coverage. It can cooperate with auditing, supervision and law enforcement and other supervision means to make up for its deficiencies. Synergy is an essential means to strengthen supervision.

国家、各级政府的实现义务，是《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》的最大亮点，对此，专有一条监督规制，第九十条，系承续第八十条政府投入保障责任的规制，是其他卫生专门法难以承载的内容。规定县级以上政府有关部门如果未履行医疗卫生与健康促进工作相关职责的，则本级政府或者上级政府有关部门应当对其主要负责人进行约谈。如果地方政府未履行医疗卫生与健康促进工作相关职责的，则上级政府应当对其主要负责人进行约谈。被约谈的部门和地方人民政府应当立即采取措施，进行整改，而非约谈之后可以蒙混过关。同时，约谈情况和整改情况纳入有关部门和地方政府工作评议、考核记录，对当事人的仕途，产生负面影响。

The realization obligation of the State and governments at all levels is the highlight of the Law. To this end, there is a special supervision regulation. Article 90 is a regulation that inherits Article 80 of the government’s investment guarantee responsibility and contains contents that cannot be stipulated in other special health laws. It is stipulated that if the relevant departments of the government at or above the county level fail to perform their duties related to medical and health promotion work, the government at the corresponding level or the relevant departments of the government at a higher level shall interview the main person in charge. If the local government fails to perform its duties related to medical and health promotion work, the higher-level government shall interview the main person in charge. The interviewed departments and local people’s governments should take immediate measures to make rectification, instead of slipping away unpunished. Meanwhile, the interview and rectification shall be incorporated into the work appraisal and assessment records of relevant departments and local governments, which will have a negative impact on the official career of the parties concerned.

《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》定位是基本医疗卫生与健康促进领域的基本法，内容宜相对宏观和具有方向性、目标性，原则性地阐明基本准则和基本要求，点明重要的核心性基本制度，重在明确国民健康权利和国家及各级政府的实现义务，及其他各类主体的责权利，明确兑现的大政方针即可。过于细节性的内容，尤其是针对具体违规事务的罚则，一般宜放在《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》授权制定的配套专门法律法规里规范，不宜侵夺和零散堆砌配套的专门法律法规的具体罚则内容。但是，针对各级政府及其部门的未履行医疗卫生与健康促进工作相关职责的惩戒性、督导性条款，则必须在《基本医疗卫生与健康促进法》里予以明确。因此，第九十条内容十分必要和重要。

The Law is defined as the basic law in the field of basic health care and health promotion. Its contents are of guiding significance and of certain direction and objectives. It clarifies the basic principles and requirements, points out the important core basic systems, identifies the national health rights and the realization obligations of the State and governments at all levels, as well as the responsibilities and rights of other subjects, and defines the major policies to be fulfilled. The detailed contents, especially the penalties for specific violations, should be regulated in the supporting special laws and regulations authorized by the Law. Specific penalties of the supporting special laws and regulations should not be ignored or meaninglessly regulated. However, disciplinary and supervisory provisions for governments at all levels and their departments to fail to perform their duties related to health care and health promotion must be clearly defined in the Law. Therefore, the content of Article 90 is necessary and important.

4 惩处追责规则

4 Punishment and Accountability

监督监管之外，必须有刚性的失职、渎职惩处追责规则。《第九章  法律责任》，共9个条目，第九十八条最为重要：