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本期文章：《柳叶刀》：Volume 397 Number 10278

全球疾病负担2019听力损失协作组分析了全球1990-2019年听力损失的患病率和残疾寿命。2021年3月13日，该研究发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上。

听力损失影响到语言的获取，影响认知和发展，并会对社会福祉产生负面影响。研究组提供了全球疾病负担（GBD）研究对2019年听力损失患病率以及相关残疾的最新估计。

研究组对1990-2019年听力损失患病率的人口代表性调查进行了系统回顾，拟合了嵌套的元回归模型，以确定重度特定的患病率，并考虑了助听器的覆盖范围、原因和耳鸣的存在，还预测了2050年之前的听力损失患病率。

据估计，2019年全球有15.7亿人听力损失，占五分之一（20.3%）。其中，4.033亿人在调整助听器使用后听力损失为中度以上，4.304亿人没有调整。中度、全聋人数最多的地区为西太平洋地区（1.27亿人）。在所有听力障碍患者中，62.1%的年龄在50岁以上。医疗保健获取和质量（HAQ）指数解释了65.8%的全国年龄标准化残疾年数比率变化，因为HAQ指数低的国家残疾年数比率较高。到2050年，预计将有24.5亿人患有听力损失，尽管年龄标准化患病率稳定，但比2019年增加56.1%。

随着人口老龄化，听力损失的人数将会增加。儿童期筛查、助听器、中耳炎和脑膜炎的有效治疗以及人工耳蜗植入等干预措施有可能减轻这一负担。由于中等至全聋的负担主要集中在医疗资源不足的国家，因此需要建立更强有力的医疗保健机制，以减轻这些环境中未解决的听力损失负担。

附：英文原文

Title: Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lydia M Haile, Kaloyan Kamenov, Paul Svitil Briant, Aislyn U Orji, Jaimie D Steinmetz, Amir Abdoli, Mohammad Abdollahi, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Ashkan Afshin, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Yonas Akalu, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Hanadi Al Hamad, Liaqat Ali, Vahid Alipour, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Hubert Amu, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Judie Arulappan, Charlie Ashbaugh, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar, Atif Amin Baig, Palash Chandra Banik, Till Winfried Brnighausen, Amadou Barrow, Rose G Bender, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sadia Bibi, Ali Bijani, Katrin Burkart, Christopher R Cederroth, Jaykaran Charan, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Dinh-Toi Chu, Rosa A S Couto, Amare Belachew Dagnew, Baye Dagnew, Saad M A Dahlawi, Xiaochen Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Assefa Desalew, Deepak Dhamnetiya, Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal, Meghnath Dhimal, Kerrie E Doyle, Bruce B Duncan, Michael Ekholuenetale, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Richard Charles Franklin, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Shilpa Gaidhane, Silvano Gallus, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ghozali Ghozali, Syed Amir Gilani, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Mahaveer Golechha, Bárbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Veer Bala Gupta, Vivek Kumar Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Billy Randall Hammond, Simon I Hay, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Howard J Hoffman, Kathleen Pillsbury Hopf, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mowafa Househ, Rabia Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Ivo Iavicoli, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Masao Iwagami, Louis Jacob, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Ravi Prakash Jha, Jost B Jonas, Rohollah Kalhor, Nawzad Kameran Al-Salihi, Himal Kandel, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gbenga A Kayode, Rovshan Khalilov, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Soewarta Kosen, Ai Koyanagi, G Anil Kumar, Iván Landires, Savita Lasrado, Stephen S Lim, Xuefeng Liu, Stany W Lobo, Alessandra Lugo, Alaa Makki, Walter Mendoza, Amanual Getnet Mersha, Kebadnew Mulatu Mihretie, Ted R Miller, Sanjeev Misra, Teroj Abdulrahman Mohamed, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Arif Mohammed, Ali H Mokdad, Mohammad Ali Moni, Sandhya Neupane Kandel, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Molly R Nixon, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Nuez-Samudio, Bogdan Oancea, Victor Maduabuchi Oguoma, Andrew T Olagunju, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Hans Orru, Mayowa O Owolabi, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Keyvan Pakshir, Shahina Pardhan, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, Maja Pasovic, Shrikant Pawar, Hai Quang Pham, Marina Pinheiro, Akram Pourshams, Navid Rabiee, Mohammad Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Juwel Rana

Issue&Volume: 2021/03/13

Abstract:

Background

Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability.

Methods

We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050.

Findings