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China leads in filing for blockchain patents

China was the most active filer of blockchain patent applications last year as the country’s technology and financial services groups rushed to claim exclusivity on the “mutual distributed ledger” that could revolutionise finance and other supply chains.去年，中国是区块链专利申请方面最活跃的国家，中国科技和金融服务集团竞相申请这种“交互分布式账本”技术的排他性权利。这种技术可能给金融和其他供应链带来革命性变化。

Data collated by Thomson Reuters from the World Intellectual Property Organisation (Wipo) database showed that in 2017, more than half of the 406 blockchain related patent applications were from China.汤森路透(Thomson Reuters)利用世界知识产权组织(Wipo)数据库整理的数据显示，在2017年提交的406项与区块链有关的专利申请中，超过一半来自中国。

Patent applications for blockchain, whose uses include everything from cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin to the tracking of Chinese chickens, trebled last year. Patents specific to cryptocurrencies — which are not included in the blockchain patent category — rose 16 per cent to 602 in 2017.区块链领域的专利申请在去年增加了两倍。区块链的用途很多，从比特币(bitcoin)等加密货币到追踪中国放养肉鸡。专门跟加密货币相关的专利申请——不包括在区块链专利类别中——在2017年增长了16%，达到602项。

“Companies are moving fast in order to protect their ideas in new areas of technological development — long before the technology actually goes to market,” said Alex Batteson, editor at Thomson Reuters’ Practical Law.汤森路透旗下《Practical Law》主编亚历克斯•巴特森(Alex Batteson)表示：“在该技术真正进入市场之前，各家企业为保护自己在新技术开发领域的创意，正在迅速采取行动。”

China filed 225 of the blockchain patents last year and 59 in 2016, followed by the US (91 last year and 21 in 2016) and Australia (13 last year and 19 in 2016).中国去年申请了225项区块链项专利，而2016年为59项，其次是美国（去年为91项，2016年为21项）和澳大利亚（去年为13项，2016年为19项）。

Of the top nine filers of blockchain patents between 2012 and 2017, six were Chinese, led by Beijing Technology Development. US headquartered payments giant MasterCard was the most active filer in the same period, filing 25 while Lichtenstein’s nChain Holdings, which describes itself as the “global leader in research and development of blockchain technologies” filed 18.在2012年至2017年期间申请区块链专利最多的9家机构中，有6家是中国的机构，其中为首的是北京瑞卓喜投科技发展有限公司。总部位于美国的支付巨头万事达(MasterCard)是同期最活跃的公司，提交了25项申请，而列支敦士登的nChain Holdings提交了18项申请，该公司自称是“区块链技术研发的全球领导者”。

Thomson Reuters said recent blockchain applications include Bank of America applying to patent a technology that facilitates “person-to-person alias-based payments”,BT Group seeking a patent for a way to detect attacks on blockchain, and MasterCard International asking for one to cover a blockchain-based method for tracking payments at the point of sale.汤森路透表示，近期的区块链专利申请包括：美国银行(BofA)为一种“基于化名的P2P支付”提供便利的技术申请专利；英国电信集团(BT Group)为一种探测针对区块链的攻击的方法申请专利；MasterCard International为一种基于区块链的、追踪销售点付款的方法申请专利。

Not every company patents its discoveries, and not all patents lead to viable products or use cases, but Thomson Reuters said the data were meaningful because they indicated activity and could create barriers to entry. 并非所有公司都为自己的发明申请专利，也并非所有专利都能带来可行的产品或用例。但是汤森路透表示，这些数据是有意义的，因为它们表明了活动，并且可能会竖起进入壁垒。