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Bitcoin battered： The worst crypto catastrophes of 2019

数据观丨（译）

　　Millions in cryptocurrency stolen， exit scams， and countless arrests were made in connection to crypto criminal schemes this year.

　　今年发生了数百万起加密货币被盗事件，“退出骗局”及无数与密码犯罪相关的逮捕事件也在上演。

　　The cryptocurrency market is booming， and with it， criminals are looking to cash in.

　　加密货币市场蓬勃发展的同时，不法分子们也企图借此牟利。

　　Bitcoin （BTC） may not have sustained the $19，000+ price tag of previous years， now coming in at roughly $7，200 at the time of writing， but there is also a variety of other stable coins and altcoins， including Ethereum （ETH）， Ripple （XRP）， Monero （XMR）， Bitcoin Cash （BCH）， and Litecoin （LTC）， that maintain a loyal following and constant trade.

　　比特币（BTC）可能已经无法续写前几年1.9万美元以上市值的辉煌了，笔者在撰写本报告时，比特币目前的市值约为7200美元，但市场上除了比特币外还存在其他各种稳定的虚拟货币和阿尔特币，其中，包括 Ethereum （ETH）， Ripple（XRP） ， Monero （XMR）， Bitcoin Cash（BCH）， and Litecoin（LTC）等，这些币始终有忠实的追随者，关于这些币的交易也在不断进行。

　　The industry has gained enough traction in recent years that regulators are beginning to shift towards the viewpoint that virtual coins should be considered taxable assets， with the IRS now hunting down cryptocurrency traders that do not declare their investments. The UK's Financial Conduct Authority （FCA） also clarified its stance （.PDF） this year on what coins can be considered securities or e-money -- some of which now land under the FCA's remit.

　　近年来，虚拟货币行业一直被人们所关注，以至于监管机构开始转向虚拟货币应被视为应纳税资产的观点。美国国税局（IRS）目前美国国税局（IRS）目前正在追捕未申报其投资的加密货币交易员。英国金融市场行为监管局（FCA）今年也就哪些币可以被视为证券或电子货币阐明了其立场。

　　Russia， too， known for its hostile approach to cryptocurrency， has begun to accept that cryptocurrency may have a legal position in the economy.

　　对加密货币持敌对态度的俄罗斯，也开始接受加密货币在金融市场中可以具有合法地位的事实。

　　With any form of asset that has financial worth， criminals will look for ways to fraudulently profit and cryptocurrency is no exception. The industry is rather unregulated， with laws potentially applied locally， but with exchanges registered worldwide， investment in cryptocurrency can be a risk.

　　对于任何形式、具有金融价值的资产，犯罪分子都会想方设法从中骗取利润，加密货币也不例外。该行业的受监管程度相当不均衡，法律也许能在当地适用，但随着加密货币交易所在全球范围内大量注册，对密码货币进行投资的风险也越来越高。

　　Exchanges are a common target. A weakness in a website， a vulnerability leading to exposure of a hot wallet -- storage systems used to hold virtual coins that are Internet-connected -- insider threats， and exit scams can all result in traders losing their cryptocurrency. Wallets， too， can be ransacked when vulnerabilities are found， and the blockchain itself， the backbone technology of cryptocurrency exchanges， may be subject to attacks . Unless cryptocurrency is stashed in a cold， hardware-based wallet that is not connected to the web， there may be a risk of cyberattack.

　　加密货币交易所是犯罪分子的一个共同目标。网站本身的不足、导致热钱包（用于存放联网虚拟货币的存储系统）暴露的系统漏洞、内部威胁以及退出骗局都可能导致交易商失去他们的加密货币。一旦发现漏洞，钱包可能被洗劫一空，区块链（加密货币交换的主干技术）本身也可能遭受攻击，除非加密货币隐藏在一个基于硬件的且没有连接到网络的冷钱包中，否则就会存在被网络攻击的风险。

　　Below， we take a look at some of the most noteworthy cases of hacking， criminal investigations， exit scams， and cryptocurrency-related breaches over 2019.

　　下面，我们来看看2019年最值得关注的与加密货币相关的黑客、刑事调查、退出骗局以及数据泄露事件。

　　JANUARY：

　　Cryptopia： New Zealand's Cryptopia cryptocurrency exchange was pulled offline due to some form of hack， but details are scant. Trading was suspended and the firm went into liquidation.Estimates suggest that up to $16 million may have been lost.

　　Proof of Stake： Security issues were found in 26 forms of cryptocurrency opening up users to "Fake Stake" attacks， crashing blockchains and giving attackers the opportunity to seize control of them.

　　LocalBitcoins： An attack taking place on the peer-to-peer cryptocurrency market platform led to the theft of Bitcoin belonging to customers.